Thatbyinnyu Temple
Type of monument |
: Type II Temple |
Location |
: East of Gadawtpalin Temple |
Region |
: Nyaung U & Wetkyi-In |
Built by |
: King Alaungsithu |
Date |
: 11th Century |
Monument Number |
: |
Photo Gallery |
: View 16 Photos |
Towering above the other monuments of Bagan,
the magnificence in white which is the Thatbyinnyu takes its
name from the Omniscience of the Buddha. Thatbyinnyutanyan in
Myanmar language, Sabbannutanana in Pali, omniscience is given
further explanation in contemporary inscriptions as "knowing
thoroughly and seeing widely."
Built by King Alaungsithu (1113-1163), the
Thatbyinnyu is a transitional temple, standing between the Early
Style of the Ananda, half a mile to the northeast, and the Late
Style of the Gawdawpalin, half a mile to the northwest. It is
one of the earliest double-storeyed temples, but the arrangement
is different from that of later double-storeyed temples, much as
if it were still an experiment in the new form.
The plan of the Thatbyinnyu is not unlike
that of the Ananda-square, with porticoes on all four sides-but
the eastern portico projects further than the others, breaking
the symmetry. This plan is followed in such later temples as the
Sulamani and the Gawdawpalin.
interior view:
Three receding terraces rise above each
storey, ornamented with crenellated parapets and corner stupas.
Above the terraces of the upper storey rises a curvilinear
spire, surmounted by a slim, tapering stupa which takes the
temple up to a height of 201 feet. The great height of the
temple and the vertical lines of the ornamental features-the
plain pilasters, the flame-like arch pediments, the corner
stupas-give a soaring effect to the Thatbyinnyu.
The eastern portico has a central stairway
guarded by two standing door-guardians. The stairway leads to an
intermediate storey where a corridor runs around the central
mass. Two tiers of windows along the walls make the interior
bright and airy, but the walls are bare of painting except for
some traces in the western portico.
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door-guardian
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Two stairs built into the thickness of the
walls provide access to the terrace above the eastern portico,
from where an external flight of stairs leads to the upper
storey. Here, a huge image of the Buddha is seated on a masonry
throne. A further flight of narrow stairs built into the
thickness of the walls leads to the terraces above the upper
storey.
The terraces of the Thatbyinnyu provide a
good panoramic view of Bagan- of the green and brown landscape,
the innumerable monuments, the broad Ayeyarwaddy river, and the
distant hills to the east and west.
To the southwest of the Thatbyinnyu, in a
monastery compound, are two tall stone pillars with foliations
in an inverted V pattern. They were the supports for a huge
bronze bell of which the chronicles say:
"King Alaungsithu offered two great bells,
one at the Thatbyinnyu and one at the Shwegugyi. They were cast
of pure copper, 10,000 adula in weight, larger by far and nobler
than the five great bells offered by his grandfather, King
Kyansittha."
To the northeast of the Thatbyinnyu is the
small gayocho or "tally" temple. To keep count of the bricks in
the building of the Thatbyinnyu, one brick was set aside for
every 10,000 used, and this small temple was built with the
bricks thus set aside.
LAYOUT PLAN
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Thetkyamuni Temple
Type of monument |
: Type II Temple (Kundaung Pauk Gu) |
Location |
: East of Chaukphala |
Region |
: Nyaung U & Wetkyi-In |
Built by |
: Narapatesithu |
Date |
: 13th Century |
Monument Number |
: 147 |
Thetkyamuni temple is situated at Chaukphala,
in Nyaung U region. The temple appears to have been built in
early 13 century A.D. The complex provided Thetkya and Kondogyi
were built at the 12th century on a platform dominating
Ayeyarwaddy.
It is a square structure with a porch projected on one side.
Above the main square block are three receding terraces on which
stands the sikhara and a stupa finial. The flame-like arch
pediments over the the doorways, the pilasters and friezes are
adorned with stucco carvings. The interior walls are covered
with panels, of painting which depict scenes from the life of
Asoka, Convenor of the third Buddhist Council and of the
introduction of Buddhism to Ceylon.
They are two small temples very harmonious and equipped with
pretty paintings of time. Wall paintings represent the former
lives of Buddha or Jatakas in particular in the hall on the
walls and the vaults. Paintings reflect conventions of the 12th
century and represent scenes of the Indian everyday lifestyle.
It is considered that the animal representation of Thetkyamuni
is the most important of any temples in Bagan. The animal
representations include pigeons, corbels, peacocks, parrots,
hares and elephants. In the hall, there are 28 Buddha images are
drawn. The cornices are painted geometrical reasons. Between
North and the south, the walls are painted of the 550 Jatakas,
while in the West one can admire a whole of 16 Buddhas including
six in large scenes.
LAYOUT PLAN
Thinganyone Temple
Type of monument |
: Type II Temple (Kundaung Pauk Gu) |
Location |
: Northwest of Minnanthu Village |
Region |
: Minnanthu |
Built by |
: Po Thu Gyi |
Date |
: A.D 1244 |
Monument Number |
: 712 |
Thiganyone Temple is a cave-type
and Indian style monument. Po Thu Gyi or the chieftain of Po
village donated this temple.
There is a stone tablet inscribing
the chieftain's donation of the land and donation of slaves to
the temple. As by the legend, the name of the temple was taken
from the place where the Aris where they put their Thingan or
robe, after playing.
On the walls of the temple are beautiful
paintings of the Buddhas and the lives of Gotama Buddha.
LAYOUT PLAN
Thitsawadi Temple
Type of monument |
: Type III Temple (Cave type) |
Location |
: West of West Pwasaw Village |
Region |
: West Pwasaw |
Built by |
: King Saw Monnit |
Date |
: A.D 1334 |
Monument Number |
: 918 |
Thitsawadi Temple is a three-storey building,
which is a rare monument in Bagan. Most of the temples in Bagan
are found as two-storey buildings.
It is a large temple with
ancient architectures of Bagan. Beautiful stuccos and
interesting mural paintings can be found in this temple. There
is also a stone inscriptions dating back to A.D 1334, written
about the donation of the temple, land and slaves to maintain
and protect the temple from other harms. And also there are ink
inscriptions about maintenance of the temple in A.D 1484.
LAYOUT PLAN
Upali Thein
Type of monument |
: Ordination Hall |
Location |
: Across Htilominlo Temple |
Region |
: Nyaung U & Wetkyi-In |
Built by |
: Monk Upali |
Date |
: Mid 13th Century |
Monument Number |
: |
Photo Gallery |
: View 7 Photos |
Named after Upali, a well-known monk, this ordination hall was
built in the mid-13th century and stands across the road from the
Htilominio Temple.
The rectangular building has roof battlements
imitative of Burmese wooden architecture and a small central spire
rising from the rooftop. Most buildings of this type were made of
wood and have long since disappeared.
TWO BUDDHA IMAGES PLACED BACK-TO-BACK INSIDE
UPALI THEIN
Inside there are some brightly
painted frescoes on the walls and ceilings from the late 17th and
early 18th century.
ANCIENT MURAL PAINTINGS
The building is usually kept locked in order to
protect them. The Upali Thein was renovated during the reign of the
Konbaung Dynasty in 1794 abd 1795. The walls now represent the
previous 28 Buddha images, as well as scenes from the life of
Guatama Buddha.
Winido Temple
Type of monument |
: Type III Temple (Zedi
Pauk Gu) |
Location |
: North of Minnanthu Village |
Region |
: Minnanthu |
Built by |
: Thamana Konhtin Couple |
Date |
: A.D 1243 |
Monument Number |
: 659 |
Winido, it is a group of temples. This place
is seldomly visited and difficult to access. However some of
these temples are interesting.
Inside the Winido Temple are very
remarkable paintings. These paintings are in the style of the
late period of Bagan, decorative, delicate but also rather
extravagant.
BUDDHA IMAGES INSIDE THE TEMPLES
They are in the contents similar to other paintings
of the zone of Minnanthu. There are paintings of Jatakas on the
walls of the entrance and the footprint of the Buddha on the
vault of entry.
BEAUTIFUL MURAL PAINTINGS INSIDE
Brahma and Sakka protect the entry. Two
Bodhisattvas keep the furnace bridge, whereas the horoscope of
the life of the Buddha appears on the vault. In the furnace
bridge the life of the Buddha is distributed on 3 wings. In the
part of the Northern wing on the walls East and West, Buddha
vis-a-vis Paranirvana. Buddha teaching 2 monks. Finally a usual
scene of the combat against the army of Mara, and of paintings
showing the teaching Buddha will sutras them. These temples are
in general of small size with a square base.
A 13th Century stone inscription tablet was
found on which the donation of the temples were described.
LAYOUT PLAN
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Yet Saunt Temple
Type of monument |
: Type III Temple (Indian Style Zedi) |
Location |
: Southeast of Kyaukgu Umin |
Region |
: Nyaung U & Wetkyi-In |
Built by |
: Thuwunna Pisi & Thuparit |
Date |
: 13th Century |
Monument Number |
: 155 |
As the design of most of the monuments of
Bagan, Yet Saunt Temple has many of the same properties.
The
temple has a large sitting Buddha Image inside it, and lots of
mural paintings too. But the mural paintings found in this
temple have been ruined by many causes. This temple can be
reached after visiting the Kyaukgu Umin.
LAYOUT PLAN
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